Anthropology PYQs

Write short note in about 150 words: Describe ILO’s Convention No.169 (1989) on Indigenous and Tribal people. Is India a signatory to it?

Discuss the concept of ‘indigenous people’ as per the relevant UN convention. Are tribals of India indigenous people? Comment.

Write short note on ‘Concept of tribe and Indian census’ in about 150 words.

Tribes as Indigenous Culture.

Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes – short note.

Biogenetic variations of Indian tribes – short note.

Do you think that Indian tribes have rich biogenetic variability? Discuss.

Discuss bio-morphological variation among the tribals of NE India.

Genetic diversity among Indian tribes – Note.

Biogenetic variability in tribal population – Note.

Racial affinity of Indian tribes – short note.

Elucidate the linguistic classification of Indian tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Linguistic classification of Indian tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Threat to tribal languages in India.

Write a brief note on the linguistic diversity among Indian tribes.

Write a note on Linguistic diversity among the tribes of Chhota Nagpur.

Write a note on Languages spoken by the scheduled tribes.

Agricultural practices of the Apatani. Write a short note.

Artisan tribes of Jharkhand. Write a short note.

Discuss the distribution of tribes in different geographical regions of India. Identify the distinct institutional features of tribal societies of these regions.

How can a balance be struck between livelihood concern and environmental degradation in the context of shifting cultivation?

Cultural diversity and multiculturalism. Write a short note.

Distinctive cultural features of tribes of Andaman islands. Write a short note.

Compare and contrast the economic typology of tribes given by different anthropologists.

Discuss how cultural diversity of Indian tribes has enriched its plural traditions.

Write a note in 150 words on Socio-economic characteristics of shifting cultivators.

Write a note in 150 words on Commodification of Tribal Art.

Using ethnographic examples, point out how gender relations have changed over time among Central Indian tribes.

Discuss the distinctive features of tribal in North-east India.

Future of Hunting and Gathering Tribes.

Discuss the relevance of traditional wisdom and knowledge of the tribes with reference to health in the present-day context.

Write a note on Tribes as Indigenous Cultures.

Write a note on Key characteristics of the Scheduled Tribes in India.

Give in detail the ethnographic profile of polyandrous tribe in India.

Hunting and food gathering tribes of India.

Write a note on Tribal art in India.

Write a note in 200 words: Types of subsistence economy of Indian tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Youth dormitory as an institution.

Write a note in 150 words on Youth Dormitory.

Write a note on Tribal Youth Dormitories.

Write a note on Role of dormitory in tribal life.

Write a note on Youth dormitory in a Central Indian tribe. (200 words)

Discuss the linkages between language, territoriality and kinship among the tribes of North-East India.

"Tribes in India are not homogeneous group." Discuss.

Write a note on Tribe and peasant: similarities and differences.

Briefly describe the linguistic and socio economic characteristics of the tribal peoples either (a) of Central India, including the Chota Nagpur plateau or (b) of North East India.

Describe the racial, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of a tribe either of Central India or of South India.

Write an ethnographic profile in detail about any one Indian tribe you are aware of.

Critically examine existing paradigms of holistic health for the marginalised sections of society drawing inferences from COVID-19 pandemic.

Write short note on the following in about 150 words: Causes of stunting and wasting among tribal children.

Examine the factors responsible for malnutrition in tribal India and suggest interventions required to overcome the problems.

Describe the impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of tribal communities.

Discuss the relevance of traditional wisdom and knowledge of the tribes with reference to health in the present-day context.

Discuss the health problems faced by tribal populations in India. Suggest some corrective measures.

Discuss the health and nutritional status of tribal and rural children in India. How far has the government policy been effective?

Distinguish among nutrition, food and diet. Comment on the nutritional status of the tribes with subsistence economy in the form of hunting-gathering, shifting cultivation and settled agriculture in India.

Describe the socio-cultural factors related to the poor health conditions of the Indian tribal population. Suggest measures for improving these conditions.

Elucidate the problems and challenges in educational attainment of the Scheduled Tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Issues relating to tribal education.

Discuss the sociocultural, economic and psychological constraints responsible for low literacy in tribal areas.

Critically examine the various structural constraints in the educational development of Scheduled Tribes.

Write a note on Education and health among tribal women.

Discuss the factors related to low literacy rate among the tribals of India. Write in brief the measures taken by the government in different five-year plans to eradicate it.

Write a note on Constraints of educational development among the tribals.

Tribal education in the context of development.

Bring out, with suitable examples, the constraints of educational development of tribal communities in India. Suggest remedial measures in this context.

Write a note on Tribal education.

Elucidate the problems of land alienation among the tribals of India.

Discuss how constitutional provisions in India have built-in mechanisms for dealing with the problem of land alienation in tribal areas.

Discuss the impact of land alienation on the tribes of Central India.

"Land and forest are the twin problems of the tribes." Explain.

Write a note on Land Alienation.

Write a note on Land alienation among the tribals.

Write a note on Land Alienation in tribal India.

Write a note on Transfer and alienation of tribal land.

Write a note in 150 words on Indebtedness among tribal communities.

Write a note on Indebtedness in Tribal Communities.

Write a note on Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes.

Write a note on Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes.

Write a note in 200 words: Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes.

Custodians of natural resources are the tribals, but they are the most deprived. Critically examine how climate change will impact their survival in future.

Write short note in about 150 words: Major problems of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups.

Write short note in about 150 words: Issues of tribal agricultural labourers.

What are the salient issues faced by pastoral communities in India? Discuss with suitable examples.

Discuss alternatives for shifting cultivators in the context of ecological costs and humanistic concerns.

Left-wing extremism and Tribals in India.

The problem of bonded Labour among Indian tribes.

Write a note on The problems of denotified groups.

Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits.

Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits.

Shifting cultivation in the context of land use pattern.

Discuss the special problems of shifting cultivators or of hunting food gathering tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Social and economic marginalization of tribal people.

Do you think that exploitation emanates from clash of self-interest between groups? Discuss in the context of tribal’s and non tribals.

Write a note on Factors responsible for tribal migration and its consequences.

What are the major problems of the tribes in India? Evaluate the measures adopted by the Central and State Governments in India to solve these problems.

Discuss the anthropological approach to the understanding of the tribal ethos and comment on the major socio-economic problems of Indian tribes.

Discuss major problems of the tribes of India. Make a critical evaluation of the measure adopted by the central and State Govt. in India to solve these problems and account for their limited success.

Write a note on Elites and alienation in tribal society.

Write a note on Common Property Resources in tribal villages.

Identify the main type of problems that arise out of contacts between tribal people and more advanced sections of Indian population. What measures do you suggest to mitigate the same?

Discuss the economic, social and developmental impacts on tribal communities with special reference to mining.

Critically examine how the displacement of tribal communities due to hydroelectric river dam projects has affected the women in local context. Illustrate with suitable ethnographic examples.

Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribals displaced due to development projects in India.

Explain the impact of development-induced displacement among the tribal people in India with suitable examples.

What has been the Impact of development projects on the environment and livelihood of forest-dwelling tribes?

Write a note in 150 words on Impacts of sanctuaries and national park on tribal populations.

Discuss the problem of displaced tribal communities with the help of recent examples.

Write a note in 150 words on Tribal displacement.

Discuss the context, process and consequences of involuntary displacement among tribal communities in India and analyze the problems of rehabilitation.

Indicate the main thrust of anthropological studies on development induced displacement and rehabilitation. Suggest a worthwhile rehabilitation package for displaced tribals to retain their sense of community-belonging.

Discuss the problem of tribal displacement in India. To what extent are development policies responsible for such displacement? Also explain the role of NGOs in providing the remedial measures to the affected people.

Write a note on Large scale development and distress in tribal regions.

Examine the impact of Forest Policies from 1878 to 2006 on land alienation and deprivation of rights of tribal communities in India.

Explain the impact of successive Land Acquisition Acts on tribal social organization.

Examine the advancement made in the land acquisition and rehabilitation Act of 2013 over the Land acquisition Act of 1894.

Critically examine the National Policy on Rehabilitation and Resettlement substantiating it with experiences from different parts of India.

Critically examine the evolution of Forest policy in India since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribals of India.

Critically examine the forest policy in India right since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribal people.

Discuss the impact of the Forest Rights Act (2006) on the livelihood and culture of tribal people in India.

Discuss the significance and implementation of ‘Recognition of Forest Right’s Act 2006’.

Explain the difficulties experienced by scheduled tribes with regard to implementation of ‘the Reorganisation of Forest Rights Act, 2006’.

Write a note in 150 words on Forest Rights Act - 2006.

Write a note in 150 words on Forest policy and tribes.

Write a note on Joint Forest Management.

Give an account of Joint Forest Management programmes. What is the role of NGOs in such programmes?

Write a note on Social Forestry.

Write a note on Effects of governmental policy regarding forests on Indian tribes.

Write a note (200 words): Forest policy and tribal interests.

Discuss how forest is related to the tribal life. Critically examine how a change in forest policy and forest degradation have affected tribal economy.

How are the tribes in India dependent on forest? Make a comparative evaluation on malevolent and benevolent actions of the tribes on forest.

Write a note on ‘Land and forest’ are basic needs of tribals.

Write a note on Forests and the tribal peoples.

Write a note on influence of environment on the culture of any Indian tribe. (200 words)

Write short notes on ‘Urbanization and tribal institutions’ in about 150 words.

Write a note in 150 words on Impact of industrialization on scheduled tribe population of Jharkhand.

Discuss the impact of Globalization on the livelihood of the tribal populations.

Commodification of Tribal Art.

Discuss the impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on tribal women.

Write a note on Impact of Industrialization on Tribals.

Examine the impact of urbanisation and industrialisation on tribal economy in India.

Write a note on Detribalization.

Write a note on Detribalization.

Write a note on Genesis of urbanization in India.

Describe the traditional economy of the Indian tribal communities and show how changes have come in it due to impact of Industrialization.

Write a note on Impact of urbanization on the tribal societies.

Write a note on ‘Rapid industrialisations may lead to psychological frustrations.’ Discuss.

The impact of Industrialization of the tribes of India created for them many problems. Discuss with suitable examples.

Write short note on the following in about 150 words: Status of Sixth Schedule Areas.

Write short note on the following in about 150 words: Scheduled areas.

Write short note in about 150 words: Role of the Governor in the Fifth Schedule areas.

Describe the provisions under 6th Schedule of Indian Constitution.

Write in detail various provisions provided by the Constitution of India for the Scheduled Tribes under Vth and VIth Schedules.

Write a note in 150 words on Role of Governor in Fifth Schedule Areas.

Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule of the Constitution are built on the foundations laid by the colonial Government. Discuss. (250 words)

Write a note on Fifth Schedule of the Constitution.

Scheduled Area.

How is PESA Act empowering local self-governance and impacting women’s political participation?

Compare the functioning of traditional ‘Tribal Council’ with that of ‘Gram Sabha’ under PESA.

Discuss the salient features of PESA Act of 1996 and attempt a comparison with the features of the VI Schedule.

Role of Gramasabha under PESA.

Panchayati Raj and the tribes.

Critically evaluate the state of implementation of the constitutional safeguards for the scheduled castes.

Critically discuss the constitutional safeguards for the Scheduled Castes.

Discuss the issues and solutions related to the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe populations in India.

Examine the factors responsible for the exploitation of scheduled castes in India.

Discuss the Social disabilities suffered by scheduled castes.

What are the constitutional safeguards to protect the interests of the Indian tribes?

Write a note in 150 words on Tribe and schedule tribe.

Critically examine the constitutional provisions for safeguarding the interests of Scheduled Tribes in India.

Write short note on the following in about 150 words: Constitutional Safeguards for Backward Classes.

How are Other Backward Classes identified? Enumerating the important features, elucidate the recent changes in their social and economic life.

OBCs among non-Hindu communities.

Write a note in 150 words on Other Backward Class.

Critically examine the impact of modern democratic institutions on contemporary tribal societies. Illustrate with suitable ethnographic examples.

How have modern democratic institutions influenced the Indian tribal societies? Assess.

Critically assess the existing plans and programmes meant for tribal welfare.

Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development programme during XIIth Five-Year plan. Give your suggestions for any improvement in the programme.

Describe how various tribal development programmes and plans have impacted the process of social transformation among tribes.

Discuss the nature of social change in tribal India under the impact of development programmes.

Describe the functions of Tribal Research Institutes in India.

Discuss the effect of job reservations in alleviating unemployment among tribal people of India.

Write a note on MADA, LAMPS, TRIFED.

Write an essay on the life history of tribal activist and freedom fighter Birsa Munda. What was the impact of his sacrifice on tribal society?

Compare the nature of tribal movements between North-East and Central India. Briefly mention the current status of existing tribal movements in these areas.

Identify the causes of tribal unrest with special reference to North-East India.

What has been the contribution of tribal people to the Indian Independence movement?

Discuss the various factors resulting in tribal unrest in various parts of India.

What are the significant factors responsible for tribal unrest?

Write a note on Tribal unrest in Central India.

Critically review Tana Bhagat Movement its causes and effects.

Birsa movement.

Discuss the role of socio political movements in the emergence of tribal identity in the Indian context.

Distinguishing between ethnic identity and ethnicity, discuss the factors responsible for ethnic conflict in tribal areas.

Write short note on the Concept of Ethnicity in about 150 words.

Write a note in 150 words on Ethnicity and regionalism.

Ethnic movements in India.

Write a note on Concept of Ethnicity.

Evaluate Fredrick Barth’s concept of ethnic boundaries. Explain its distinction from cultural content.

What is ethnicity? Does ethnicity add to conflicts and tensions in the society? Illustrate.

Define the concept of ‘ethnic identity’. Discuss how it is emerging in the context of tribal unrest in some regions of country.

Write short note in about 150 words: Regionalism as an opportunity and threat to national integration.

Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from Anthropological perspective with respect to Kashmir/Nagaland/Bodoland/Gorkhaland agitation.

Discuss the rise of ethno-nationalism among Indian tribes with specific example.

Analyse the factors influencing tribal regionalism, citing Indian examples.

Assess the political and economic role of tribal and rural movements in the creation of the new states of Uttaranchal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

Explain the social and religious consequences of contact between tribal and non-tribal populations.

Examine the impact of non-tribal contact on socio-cultural institutions of tribal people with suitable examples.

Using ethnographic examples, highlight the processes of religious conversions in Tribal India.

Detribalization.

Critically assess the impact of Christianity on tribal culture and identity.

Write a note in 150 words on Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.

Analyse the impact of Christianity on tribal communities with special reference to North East India.

Write a note on Impact of Christianity on tribal societies.

Define religion in anthropological perspective. Bring out the impact of Christianity on the converted and non converted tribal groups of India.

Explain the impact of Hinduism on Tribal people of India.

Discuss the impact of Hinduism on the status of tribal women in Central India.

Discuss the impact of Hindu Society on tribal population in India.

Write a note on Hindu mode of tribal absorption.

Describe the impact of Buddhism on the tribal population of India.

Discuss the impact of Islam on scheduled tribes of India.

Islam and Matriliny.

Buddhism, Christianity and Scheduled Castes.

Discuss with appropriate examples how tribal unrest may be understood as emerging out of an incompatibility between tribes and the nation-state.

Critically evaluate the term ‘tribe’ (as used in India) as compared to the term ‘indigenous’ in some other countries.

Critically compare ‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective Discrimination’ for Scheduled Tribes in India.

Critically examine the relationship between tribal communities and the Nation-State on issues of governance.

What do you know by tribe and nation? How do states carved for tribals in India differ from tribal-nation-states in Africa? Discuss.

What suggestions would you like to make as an anthropologist for bringing the tribal peoples in the national mainstream? Without obliterating their separate identity.

Critically discuss the recent welfare measures initiated by the Government for the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Comment why PVTGs were erroneously called Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs).

Elucidate the problems faced by Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups and the major formulation of special programmes challenges in the for their development.

Identify some special programmes for particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups (erstwhile PTGs).

Write a note in 150 words on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier known as PTG).

Identify some special programmes for PVTGs.

Write a note in 150 words on The concept of PTG.

What are the special problems of the Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs)? How far have the developmental programmes of the Government been able to address these?

Discuss the views of G. S. Ghurye and Verrier Elwin on the approach towards tribal populations. What are the policies of the Government of India towards Indian tribal populations?

Elwin-Ghurye debate on Tribes.

Discuss the criticism levelled against anthropology in the context of ‘Isolation, and assimilation debate’ on tribal populations.

Critically evaluate various approaches to set the tribals within the mainstream of Indian civilization. In your opinion which approach is relevant in the modern context?

Discuss the interventions made by the Non-Governmental Organizations for empowering tribal women.

Critically discuss the role of NGOs in tribal development.

Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of scheduled tribes in Central India.

Critically examine the role of NGOs in promoting health and education in tribal areas.

Write a note on NGOs and tribal development.

Relevance of tribal Panchsheel today.

Examine the relevance of Tribal Panchsheel by Jawaharlal Nehru in the light of emerging Development practices.

Tribal Panchsheel.

Discuss the objectives of Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDPs). How far have these objectives been achieved?

Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of Tribal sub-plan.

Critically evaluate the National Tribal Policy.

Elucidate the shifting terrains of: India’s tribal policies in colonial and post-colonial periods.

Explain how British policies impacted the major resources of the tribals.

Write a note in 150 words on Tribe as a colonial construct.

Describe the history of tribal administration in the colonial period.

Compare the approach adopted towards tribal communities during Colonial and post independence periods.

Using suitable examples, bring out the historical processes of the social exclusion of denotified tribes.

Write a note in 150 words on Colonial Ethnography.

Discuss and compare the approaches towards the tribes during colonial and post independent India. Do you find any significant change in the approaches? Assess.

Write a note in 200 words: History of tribal administration in India.

Briefly describe the anthropological perspective on development. How have anthropologists contributed in India’s rural development?

Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural development.

Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural development.

Discuss the role of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors.

Examine in detail the role of anthropology in planning for tribal development.

Write a note on Role of Anthropology in tribal development.

Write a note in 200 words: Role of anthropology in tribal development.

How does applied anthropology help to solve some of the different problems confronting Administrators in tribal areas?

Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the context of its role in tribal and rural development.

Elucidate the role of anthropology in nation building. Illustrate with suitable examples.

Using examples, comment on how anthropology can be utilized in policy making.

Write a note on Role of Anthropologists as an Administrator.

Distinguish a ‘Theocratic State’ from a secular, liberal, democratic state. Illustrate your answer with examples from tribal and contemporary societies.

Elucidate the difference between secularism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism and spiritualism from an anthropological perspective.

Elucidate the resurgence of ethno nationalism from an anthropological lens.

Write a note in 150 words on Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements.

In what ways has anthropology contributed to the understanding of ethnic & political movements in India?

Write a note in 150 words on Anthropological understanding of communalism.

Critically examine the concept of communalism and its relevance for multi-religious and multi ethnic polity of India.

Factors contributing to communalism.

Anthropology provides a multidimensional understanding of human beings by bridging the gap between science and humanities. Elucidate.

"Anthropology is the systematic, objective, and holistic study of humankind in all times and places." Elaborate the argument.

Relevance of Anthropology.

Define Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any one branch.

Critically examine the role of anthropology in Contemporary India.

Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate the uniqueness in the field of other social sciences.

Differences between Social Anthropology and Sociology.

Differentiate between Economics and Economic Anthropology.

How do you situate Anthropology in Social Sciences?

"The agenda of biological anthropology became more scientific from the middle of the twentieth century." Justify.

Scope and relevance of Social and Cultural Anthropology.

Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss language use in social and cultural settings.

How can synergising the core branches of anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline?

Relationship between Linguistics and Social-Cultural Anthropology.

Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological Anthropology.

Archaeological Anthropology.

Major subdivisions of Anthropology.

Linguistic Anthropology.

Critically discuss the synergistic effect of biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

What is the hominization process? Discuss the major trends in human evolution with the help of suitable examples and illustrations.

Discuss the role of evolutionary forces in creating human diversity.

Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution.

Elucidate how Darwin and post-Darwin theories of evolution resulted in the development of the Synthetic theory of evolution.

Explain the biological changes that made human beings capable of making cultures.

Elucidate the biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

Elucidate the biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

Critically examine Darwin's theory of evolution in understanding evolution.

Discuss how Neo-Darwinism integrated the fields of Genetics and Evolution?

Critically discuss the centrality of the African continent in the narrative of human evolution.

Smell as a signal among non-human primates.

Discuss different forms of primate social organisation.

The losses and gains of erect posture.

Jane Goodall's contributions in studying primate behaviour.

Illustrate with examples the various types of locomotion pattern among non-human primates.

Adaptive primate radiation.

Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture.

Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss their evolutionary significance.

Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications.

Elucidate the skeletal differences between humans and chimpanzees.

Role of Primatology in Anthropological studies.

Write a note on Mousterian tool tradition, Mousterian culture and its makers.

Discuss the Miocene hominoid remains and their significance in evolution.

Osteodontokeratik culture and its makers.

Discuss the geographical distribution of Homo erectus. Taking into account its physical features, where does it fit in the human evolutionary line?

Discuss major species of Australopithecus discovered from South and East Africa. Describe the discovery, physical features, and significance of Taung baby.

Should we still distinguish between 'classic' and 'progressive' Neanderthals? Discuss the controversy surrounding Neanderthal's position in human evolution.

What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus? Discuss its phylogenetic status.

Critically evaluate the contesting theories of the emergence and dispersal of modern Homo sapiens.

"Europeans are closer to Neanderthals." Critically discuss in view of the African origin of humankind.

Describe the culture related to Homo erectus.

Write short notes on Rhodesian Man.

Describe the salient characteristics & geographical distribution of Homo erectus.

Asian Homo erectus.

Gene expression.

Fission track dating method and its applications.

Chronometric dating.

Identify the major Mesolithic sites and describe the typo-technological features with special reference to India.

Discuss the Paleolithic environment, in light of available evidence with special reference to India.

Prehistoric significance of Rakhigarhi.

Cultural impact of Iron Age.

Mesolithic rock art in Indian subcontinent.

Enumerate the evidence of animal domestication in Indian microlithic industry.

Thermoluminescence (TL) dating.

Describe the features of early farming cultures and Neolithic of the Near East.

Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European Mesolithic.

Natufian culture.

Differentiate between Lower Palaeolithic and Middle Palaeolithic culture with suitable examples.

Olduvai Gorge.

Elucidate Mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from India.

Relative dating methods.

Discuss briefly the major traditions in the Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe.

Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic culture.

Describe the principles of radiocarbon dating. Mention its limitations.

What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative method in detail.

Salient features of Mesolithic culture.

Delineate the salient features of Chalcolithic cultures.

Paleolithic Culture.

Describe the absolute dating methods in Archaeology, highlighting the importance of each method.

Give the broad outline of Palaeolithic culture emphasizing upon its tool technology.

Carbon-14 method of dating.

Critically examine the drawbacks in assuming culture as an 'integrated-closed system in understanding of contemporary society.

Culture and embodiment.

Critically examine Arjun Appadurai's conceptualization of the global cultural economy.

Write notes in about 150 words: William Ogburn and Cultural lag.

Attributes of culture.

Discuss the historical and cultural contexts that led to superseding ethnocentrism with cultural relativism in anthropology.

Human rights and Cultural relativism.

Cultural Relativism.

Discuss the development of the concept of culture in Anthropology.

Cultural Relativism.

Why has the concept of Cultural Relativism been so dear to anthropologists?

Bring out the distinguishing features of culture and civilization.

Examine critically the concept of social stratification as a basis for sustaining social inequality.

Radcliffe-Brown's ideas on status, role, and institution.

Write a note in about 150 words: Radcliffe-Brown's ideas on status, role, and institution.

Critically evaluate different types of social stratifications with suitable examples.

Discuss Erving Goffman's concept of total institutions and its relevance in contemporary society.

Discuss social stratification according to any three major approaches.

Society and Culture.

Define Status and Role. Distinguish between Ascribed and Achieved Status.

Discuss the role of marriage regulations in traditional societies in India for strengthening social solidarity.

Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory.

Ways of Acquiring Mate in Tribal Society.

Discuss the different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India.

Incest Taboos.

Define marriage and describe the various types of marriages in human societies.

Where do you situate 'live-in relationship' within the institution of marriage?

Define urbanization and discuss its impact on family in India with examples.

Write a note in about 150 words: Household and domestic group.

Explain the impact of the feminist movement on the universality of marriage and family structure.

Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on families in India.

Define family and critically examine the universality of family.

Discuss the impact of urbanization and the feminist movement on family.

Is family a social institution?

Theoretical significance of Purum kinship-system.

Critical perspective on avoidance and joking relationship.

Critically discuss A.L. Kroeber's contribution to kinship studies.

Discuss how the rules of descent contradict the principles of residence in matrilineal society, mentioning suitable examples.

Write notes on: Descent Groups.

Kinship Terminology.

Elucidate the determinants of Kinship terminology.

Bilineal and Bilateral descent.

Describe the cardinal points of descent and alliance theories.

Lineage and Clan.

Double Descent.

Various types of descent.

Cultural relevance of the Kula.

Discuss the impact of globalization on the economic systems of indigenous communities.

Critically examine various anthropological interpretations about the Kula Ring.

Write a note in about 150 words: Debate between formalist and substantivist approaches.

Write notes on Modes of Subsistence.

Discuss how indigenous people encounter globalization.

Pastoralism in India.

Write the characteristics of the hunting and gathering economy.

With the help of appropriate examples, explain the various forms of the exchange system.

Discuss the principles governing production, distribution, and exchange in simple societies.

Critically examine the Formalists and Substantivists' views on the applicability of economic laws in the study of primitive societies.

Horticulture.

Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy.

Authority and forms of political organization.

Discuss the mechanism of social control in different kinds of political systems.

Discuss different forms of primate social organization.

How do political organizations of simple societies establish power, authority, and legitimacy?

How is the construct of power linked to the notion of conspicuous consumption and its impact on distributive justice?

How does customary law function in tribal society? Discuss its different sources.

Mention the characteristic features of a band with suitable examples.

Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies.

Differentiate between State and Stateless Societies.

Discuss the nature of Law and Justice in simple societies citing suitable examples.

How does Levi-Strauss look at the Tsimshian myth of Asdiwal? Critically discuss Levi-Strauss' theory of structuralism in the light of his study of mythologies.

How did Clifford Geertz look at religion? Differentiate between anthropological and psychological approaches to the study of religion.

Write a note in about 150 words: Shaman, sorcerer, and medicine man.

Write notes on Animism and Deep Ecology in about 150 words.

Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion.

Difference between Science and Magic.

Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies.

Difference between religion and magic.

Critically examine different Anthropological approaches to religion.

Totemism.

How do you relate the concepts of 'Sacred' and 'Profane' in Durkheim's theory of religion with a focus on the role of the totem?

What is understood by 'Rites of Passage'? Describe the various phases of the 'Rites of Passage' and their significance.

How does taboo serve as a means of social control?

Totemism.

How the study of variation in forms of marriage led to rethinking on the concepts of social reproduction, kinship and family?

Critically examine James Frazer's theory of evolutionism. Elucidate the place of religion in modernity.

Critically evaluate Lewis Morgan's classification of family.

How did Morgan explain the evolution of marriage, family and Socio-Political organization and how did other evolutionists disagree with his explanation?

Discuss historical particularism as a critical development to classical evolutionism.

Historical Particularism and Franz Boas.

How do diffusionism and evolutionism differ as explanations of Cultural Change?

Historical Particularism.

How did Radcliffe-Brown and Levi-Strauss study kinship in terms of social structure?

Basic tenets of structural-functionalism.

Functionalism.

What is functionalism? Discuss the functional approach to the understanding of Religion.

In what ways is Functionalism different from Structural Functionalism?

Explain the structural analysis of kinship as proposed by Levi-Strauss.

How do the concepts of binary opposite and exchange figure in Levi-Strauss' structural analysis of Kinship?

Critically discuss the characteristics of the psychological types in the cultures of the American South-West as observed by Ruth Benedict.

Critically discuss the controversies related to fieldwork of Bronislaw Malinowski and Margaret Mead.

Discuss political and methodological aspects of national character studies. Elucidate the contemporary relevance of such studies.

Discuss various anthropological approaches to the study of personality and culture.

What do you understand by the National Character Study? Illustrate the concept.

Explain Ruth Benedict's patterns of culture.

Discuss the approaches of Leslie White, Julian Steward, and Marshall Sahlins in the light of cultural evolution.

Gordon Childe's Theory of Cultural Evolution.

Critically examine the Stewardian view of neo-evolutionism.

Cultural Materialism.

Compare and contrast the symbolic approaches of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner to understand culture.

Elucidate the concept of "thick description" of Clifford Geertz with a suitable example.

Victor Turner and Liminality.

Examine critically the contributions of Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz in anthropology.

According to Geertz, how does the cockfight reveal aspects of Balinese culture?

What made Geertz's Interpretive Anthropology distinct from Turner's symbolic anthropology? What does each of them mean by the terms 'Symbol' and 'Symbolic'?

Bring out the contribution of Turner and Geertz in symbolic and interpretive theories in Anthropology.

How the theories of postmodernism are relevant in promoting social justice and empowerment of marginalised communities?

How the theories of postmodernism are relevant in promoting social justice and empowerment of marginalised communities?

Critically explain the notion of 'deconstruction' in the light of the postmodern works of Jacques Derrida.

Explain the basic features of 'Postmodernism' in Anthropology.

Describe briefly the theoretical perspectives in linguistic anthropology to explain the relationship of culture, language and thought.

Write notes in about 150 words: Glottochronology.

Explain how variations in language usage are related to social inequality.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Critically examine that the structure and content of language are influenced by culture.

Non-verbal communication.

Differentiate between Pedigree & Geniological Analysis. Discuss the history and application of these methods in anthropological studies.

Discuss the contemporary challenges in fieldwork method in anthropological research.

Write the historical development of fieldwork tradition in anthropology till recent times.

Experiential Ethnography.

Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods.

Describe the evolution of fieldwork tradition in Anthropology.

Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology.

Discuss the applicability of various sampling techniques in selecting the study group.

Multispecies, Multi-sited and Critical Ethnography.

Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological research.

Evaluate participant observation in producing anthropological knowledge.

Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies.

How is case study method helpful in understanding social phenomena? Explain with suitable examples.

Questionnaire.

Genealogical Method.

Discuss the relevance of Case Study method of data collection.

How have interpretation and presentation of data changed from classical to contemporary writings in anthropological texts?

Describe various methods of qualitative data analysis. Highlight some popular computer softwares used in qualitative analysis.

Heritability and its estimation.

What is meant by karyotype? How does its analysis help in the diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations in man?

Pedigree analysis in genetic counselling.

Briefly describe the various methods used in the genetic study of man.

What do you understand by Immunogenetics? Explain with suitable examples.

Twin method in human genetics.

Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits.

Lethal and sublethal genes.

What is a multifactorial trait? Illustrate your answer with suitable human examples.

Polygenic Inheritance.

Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival.

Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations.

Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution.

What assumptions must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium? Explain the importance of genetic equilibrium.

Balanced and transient genetic polymorphism.

Discuss the role of evolutionary forces in creating human diversity.

Genetic drift.

How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations?

Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphisms. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations.

Implications of mutation in evolution.

Hardy-Weinberg Law.

Define Genetic polymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable examples.

Discuss the factors affecting gene frequencies among human populations.

What do you understand by 'Genetic Load' in a population? How is it measured and what are the important factors that can influence it?

Single-gene mutation disorders in man.

What is genetic counselling? Briefly discuss various steps involved in it.

Describe the causes of structural abnormalities of chromosomes with suitable examples.

Genetic imprinting in human diseases.

"Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with the human body and mind." Explain with suitable examples.

How do numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorders?

What are the applications of human genomic research in human welfare?

Describe the mechanism for structural anomalies of autosomes with diagrams.

Explain the significance of screening and counselling for genetic disorders.

Down's syndrome.

Discuss chromosomal aberrations in man illustrating with examples.

Describe Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes.

Genetic Counselling.

Race and Ethnicity.

Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept?

Racism and Eugenics.

With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments as to whether 'Race' is a valid concept.

Race is a Myth. Justify its Present-day Relevance.

Concept of Race.

Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races.

Differentiate between Race and Racism. What are three major races of the world? Give important biological criteria used frequently for such a classification.

What are genetic markers? Discuss their applications in understanding population variation, disease association and forensics.

Hemoglobin in health and disease.

Describe the genetics and inheritance patterns of the ABO and Rh blood groups in man.

What do you understand by blood group systems? How is HLA system different from those based on red cell antigens?

RH-blood group.

What are genetic markers and what is their usefulness? Why are blood groups considered as good genetic markers? Illustrate with examples.

Customary laws and Environmental conservation.

What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climate.

Describe the biocultural responses to extreme climatic events.

'Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature'. Discuss with reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate.

Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability, and acclimatization with examples.

Do Allen's Rule and Bergmann's Rule hold for human populations? Explain with examples.

Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses.

Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments.

Critically examine the physiological responses and acclimatization to cold climate in man.

What are the stresses at high altitudes? How do better cardiorespiratory functions help the native highlanders in combating low environmental pressure?

Ecological Anthropology.

Elaborate upon major human adaptations to heat and cold.

"Though human growth is under tight genetic control but it is influenced by various environmental factors". Justify.

Critically comment on the lifestyle diseases and their impact on human health.

Elucidate the different forms of malnutrition. Describe protein-calorie malnutrition with suitable examples.

What is meant by health? Is the burden of lifestyle diseases on the rise? Justify your answer with suitable examples.

Describe the impact of infectious diseases on indigenous populations.

Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with the rise in food production and sedentism.

Narrate the evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human populations.

Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Epidemiological Anthropology.

Discuss the role of anthropology in the understanding of health and disease. What specific understanding is available with respect to infectious and non-infectious diseases?

What is meant by epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes and consequences highlighting major health problems of our adult population today.

Foetal origin of adult diseases and contribution of David Barker.

What is the mixed-longitudinal method of studying human growth? Discuss its merits and demerits.

Why did Heath and Carter use anthropometric measurements instead of photographs to assess somatotype? Elaborate on their method.

Stages of human pre-natal development.

Human adolescent growth spurt.

Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging.

Secular trends in human growth can be positive, negative, or neutral. Illustrate with examples.

Senescence.

Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth.

Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits.

Issues of elderly and senescence in developing and developed countries.

Discuss Sheldon's method of somatotyping.

Describe the various methods of studying growth, highlighting their merits and demerits.

Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings.

What is an Anthropometric Somatotype? Describe Heath & Carter's method of somatotyping.

What are the different stages of growth? Describe any one of them in detail.

Discuss aging and senescence. Describe either the biological or social theories of aging.

Longitudinal method of studying growth.

Justify: "Though human growth is under tight genetic control, it is influenced by various environmental factors."

Differentiation between child growth and development.

Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth.

Aging and senescence.

Evolutionary significance of menopause.

Menopausal symptoms.

Critically evaluate the reasons for the reduction in age at menarche in human females over successive generations.

Age at menarche.

Menopause and its impact.

Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause, and other bio-events to fertility.

Discuss the contemporary population problems in the light of various socio-cultural demographic theories.

Demographic transition.

Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity.

Discuss the biological factors influencing fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility.

Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality.

Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian populations.

Fertility and Fecundity.

Fertility and Fecundity.

Examine the utility of human remains in forensic analysis. Discuss the facial reconstruction technique.

How anthropologists assess the nutritional status of a community? Discuss the significance of intersectionality of ecology, culture, and social inequality in the study of nutritional anthropology.

Discuss the applications of forensic anthropology with suitable examples.

Describe the practical applications of DNA technology in the current scenario.

Discuss various methods of personal identification based on skeletal remains.

Discuss how anthropological knowledge of the human body may be used in designing equipment and articles of human use.

How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent techniques.

What is Anthropometry? Discuss its role in assessing the nutritional status and sports capability of a person.

What are the applications of human genomic research in human welfare?

Ethics and Genetic Engineering.

Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction.

'Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life.' Discuss in light of recent advances in molecular anthropology.

What are the methods of personal identification? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations.

Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defense and other equipment.

Write short notes on Forensic Anthropology.

DNA Technology in Medicine.

Elucidate the role of Anthropology in selecting and monitoring sports persons.

Forensic Science can help in Criminal Investigations. Discuss.

How political economy is integrated with ecological and adaptability perspectives in bio-cultural anthropology?

What are the major theories proposed in support of the origin of food production? How the change in subsistence economy brought revolution during this period?

'Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding of health and disease.' Discuss.

Write short note in about 150 words: Soanian cultural tradition.

Write short note in about 150 words: Caste domination, factionalism and political power.

Write short note in about 150 words: Regionalism and Autonomy.

Write short note in about 150 words: Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh.

Write short note in about 150 words: Characteristics and communication between Little and Great Traditions.

Discuss the palaeoanthropological significance of Siwaliks of India giving its subdivisions, fossil primate fauna and major primate fossil localities.

Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain.

Evaluate the impact of Christianity on Scheduled Tribe societies of North-East India.

Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India.

Examine the environmental and biocultural factors influencing the health of tribals of India.

Highlight the significant contributions of B. S. Guha, Irawati Karve, and S. R. K. Chopra to Indian Anthropology.

What are the different types of caste mobility in India? Highlight the various factors responsible for it.

Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India.

Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of the administrator's criteria.

Write short note in about 150 words: Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal communities of India.

Write short note in about 150 words: Taxonomic status of Ramapithecus in the light of Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus controversy.

Write short note in about 150 words: Tribalism and Pseudotribalism.

Write short note in about 150 words: Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance.

Write short note in about 150 words: Lothal dockyard and international trade relations.

'The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization.' Who said this? Elaborate.

Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders.

Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, the State and National levels.

Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process?

Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures.

Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies.

Describe the nature of traditional socioeconomic interdependence among the Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula tribes of Nilgiri Hills. Highlight the changes occurring in these interrelationships.